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Main conclusionDeep sequencing identified 497 conserved and 559 novel miRNAs in wheat, while degradome analysis revealed 701 targets genes. QRT-PCR demonstrated differential expression of miRNAs during stages of leaf rust progression.Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important cereal food crop feeding 30 % of the world population. Major threat to wheat production is the rust epidemics. This...
Main conclusionUsing a live-cell-imaging approach and autofluorescence-spectral imaging, we showed quantitative/qualitative fluctuations of chemical compounds within the meiocyte callose wall, providing insight into the molecular basis of male sterility in plants from the genusAllium.Allium sativum (garlic) is one of the plant species exhibiting male sterility, and the molecular background of this...
Main conclusionVernalization-mediated demethylation ofBrCKA2(casein kinase II α-subunit) andBrCKB4(casein kinase II β-subunit) shorten the period of the clock geneBrCCA1(circadian clock associated 1) inBrassica rapa.Photoperiod and vernalization are two environmental cues involved in the regulation of floral transition, but the ways in which they interact remain unclear. DNA methylation is one of...
Main conclusion A LAMP-mediated, simple and rapid method for sex identification in spinach was developed. Nutrient compositional analysis showed a higher iron content in male than female plants.Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) is a dioecious plant with its sex determined by the XY system. Male and female floral organs differ morphologically, but plants do not differ in the vegetative stage before flowering...
Main conclusionA gene for β-1,3-glucanase was isolated from carnivorous sundew. It is active in leaves and roots, but not in digestive glands. Analyses in transgenic tobacco suggest its function in germination.Ancestral plant β-1,3-glucanases (EC 3.2.1.39) played a role in cell division and cell wall remodelling, but divergent evolution has extended their roles in plant defense against stresses to...
Main conclusionTwo distinct cinnamoyl-coenzyme A reductases (CCRs) fromPopulus tomentosawere cloned and studied and active sites in CCRs were further identified based on sequence divergence, molecular simulation, and site-directed mutants.Cinnamoyl-coenzyme A (CoA) reductase (CCR) is the first committed gene in the lignin-specific pathway and plays a role in the lignin biosynthesis pathway. In this...
Main conclusionThe Arctic population of the kelpSaccharina latissimadiffers from the Helgoland population in its sensitivity to changing temperature and CO2levels. The Arctic population does more likely benefit from the upcoming environmental scenario than its Atlantic counterpart.The previous research demonstrated that warming and ocean acidification (OA) affect the biochemical composition of Arctic...
Main conclusionThe plant-specific 4/1 protein interacts, both in yeast two-hybrid system and in vitro, and co-localizes in plant cells with plant BAP-like protein, the orthologue of human protein BAP31.In yeast two-hybrid system, we identified a number of Nicotiana benthamiana protein interactors of Nt-4/1, the protein known to affect systemic transport of potato spindle tuber viroid. For one of these...
Main conclusionThe extreme drought tolerance of the resurrection fern is in part the result of the dorsal scales that assist in water distribution and controlled desiccation.We studied the effect of peltate scales on water uptake and loss of the desiccation-tolerant epiphytic fern Pleopeltis polypodioides using optical and FTIR microscopy and staining with calcofluor, solophenyl flavine7GFE, and Ruthenium...
Main conclusionThis study showed thatBacillusamyloliquefaciensUCMB5113 colonizingArabidopsisroots changed root structure and promoted growth implying the usability of this strain as a novel tool to support sustainable crop production.Root architecture plays a crucial role for plants to ensure uptake of water, minerals and nutrients and to provide anchorage in the soil. The root is a dynamic structure...
Main conclusionWe identified LSG2 as a novel lytic enzyme that accumulates in the parental extracellular matrix and disrupts parental spheroids cooperatively with VheA secreted by juveniles inVolvox.Spatiotemporally restricted degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) is essential for development and survival in multicellular organisms. In an asexual life cycle of green algae Volvox, juveniles are...
Main conclusionTracheary elements within the secondary body of a dragon tree shared features characteristic of fibres. Their considerable intrusive growth resulted in a rigid network with a braid-like arrangement which contributes towards the tree-like form of the plant.Monocot cambium gives rise to xylem and phloem which become organized into vascular bundles. The xylem consists entirely of tracheids,...
Main conclusionWe detected and quantified six stilbenes (cis-piceid,t-piceid,t-ε-viniferin,cis-ε-viniferin,t-resveratrol, andt-δ-viniferin) in the leaves, petioles, berry skins, and seeds of wild-growingVitis amurensis. The highest content of stilbenes and expression of stilbene biosynthesis genes were in the probes collected in the autumn and after ultraviolet elicitation.Stilbenes, including the...
Main conclusionDehydrins, PpDHNA and PpDHNB fromPhyscomitrella patensprovide drought and cold tolerance while PpDHNC shows antimicrobial property suggesting different dehydrins perform separate functions inP. patens.The moss Physcomitrella patens can withstand extremes of environmental condition including abiotic stress such as dehydration, salinity, low temperature and biotic stress such as pathogen...
Main conclusionThe determining process of pistil fate are central to maize sex determination, mainly regulated by a genetic network in which the sex-determining genesSILKLESS 1, TASSEL SEED 1, TASSEL SEED 2 and the paramutagenic locus Required to maintain repression 6 play pivotal roles.Maize silks, which emerge from the ear shoot and derived from the pistil, are the functional stigmas of female flowers...
Main conclusionYoung Seedling Stripe1 (YSS1) was characterized as an important regulator of plastid-encoded plastid RNA polymerase (PEP) activity essential for chloroplast development at rice seedling stage.Chloroplast development is coordinately regulated by plastid- and nuclear-encoding genes. Although a few regulators have been reported to be involved in chloroplast development, new factors remain...
Main conclusionsHbNAC1 is a transcription factor in rubber plants whose expression is induced by dehydration, leading to latex biosynthesis.Laticifer is a special tissue in Hevea brasiliensis where natural rubber is biosynthesized and accumulated. In young stems of epicormic shoots, the differentiation of secondary laticifers can be induced by wounding, which can be prevented when the wounding site...
Main conclusionExplicit proof for de novo origin of a rare post-illumination monoterpene burst and its consistency under low O2, shows interaction of photorespiration, photosynthesis, and isoprenoid biosynthesis during light–dark transitions.Quercus ilex L (holm oak) constitutively emits foliar monoterpenes in an isoprene-like fashion via the methyl erythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway located in chloroplasts...
Main conclusionTransgenic alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) provides a useful reverse genetics platform to elucidate acceptor substrate specificity for uncharacterized BAHD family hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA hydroxycinnamoyl transferases.Tissues of many plant species accumulate hydroxycinnamoyl derivatives, often esters, thought to serve in protection against biotic and abiotic stresses. In many cases, these...
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